A trip into history – Paphos Archaeological Site
In the late 4th century, the ancient city Nea Paphos (New Paphos) was founded. Initially the thriving city was enclosed by dominating walls. Even though the city surrendered to the Romans at around 58 BC, Nea Paphos remained a political, cultural as well as business hub within Cyprus. Today, the ancient city of Paphos is a mirror to the past, as its many historic landmarks provide insight about how past generations lived, worked and even entertained.
A touch of history – in the past Nea Paphos was ruled by the Ptolemies, known as the Greco-Macedonians who originated from Egypt. The capital city of the Ptolemies was named Alexandria. In that time, the Ptolemies viewed Paphos as a significant settlement due to its strategic location. In their hands, the city thrived for more than 7 consecutive centuries.
Initially, the city spread over a 950,000 sq metres. Its fame reached its peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, which was also when the most lavish and imposing building were built. However, the city fell after a devastating earthquake hit within the 4th century. After Nea Paphos’ decline, Salamis became the new capital of the island and the former was downgraded to a bishopric. The city was completely abandoned after the 7th century Arab raids, and not even the Lusignans, Venetians nor the Ottomans were able to revive Nea Paphos past triumphs.
There are numerous of historic and cultural landmarks within the now Archaeological Park of Paphos which transport every visitor back to ancient times. We have put together our top 3 landmarks just for you!
Top of our list are Paphos famed mosaic floors found in a number of 5th century Roman villas. The mosaic floors are thought to be the most preserved found in Eastern Europe. The elaborate mosaics depict stories or rather scenes taken from Greek mythology. The most exquisite are those decorating the House of Dionysus, the House of Aion as well as the House of Theseus.
Second on our list is the 2nd century Agora, home to the inspiring Odeion as well as the Asklipieion temple. The ancient Agora was the heart of Nea Paphos. At present, the most fascinating landmark found within the Agora area is the Odeion, a semicircular open-air theatre that was restored in the 70s. While wandering through the Agora, visitors are amazed by the remains of the dominating marble columns that still stand proud. South of the Odeion, visitors come across the temple of Asklipieion. In ancient times, this temple was used as a healing centre as well as Asklepios temple. Asklepios was the ancient god of medicine.
Third on our list is the historic Saranta Kolones Fortress, which was named after the 40 columns that stood in front of the building. Not much has been revealed about the history or purpose the fort was used for, besides that it was constructed in the 12th century by the Lusignans. Unfortunately, most of the fort was destroyed by an earthquake in the early 1220s. Even though the only visible remains are some arches, it is worth a visit.
There you go folks, a brief history of Nea Paphos and 3 top historic sites! Stay tuned for more…
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